Lone working in the UK: Legal duties and key risks

Many UK staff work alone, whether by design or default. What are the rules around lone working? And what do HR teams need to be aware of?

What is lone working?

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) defines lone workers as those who work without close or direct supervision. This can include:

• delivery drivers, engineers, or care staff.
• security staff, cleaners, or warehouse workers.
• home and hybrid workers when working remotely.

What does the law say about lone working?

Lone working must be properly risk assessed under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999.

What are common risks for lone workers?

• Health & Safety
  Accidents or emergencies may be more serious if help is delayed.
• Mental health
  Isolation can increase stress and anxiety, particularly for homeworkers.
• Violence & harassment
  Staff dealing with the public are more vulnerable when alone, including to third-party harassment, which is now a priority under new legal duties.
• Lack of oversight
  Without supervision, safety protocols may lapse, and performance may be harder to monitor.

A written lone working risk assessment is required to ensure that lone workers are not exposed to greater risks. If risks can’t be mitigated, lone working should not be allowed.

Practical tips for employers and HR teams

• Carry out lone working risk assessments tailored to the role and individual.
• Have a clear lone working policy, covering safe tasks, emergency procedures, and check-in systems.
• Train both lone workers and their managers on safety measures, reporting, and wellbeing.
• Use tech solutions for regular check-ins, such as apps, or lone worker devices with panic alarms or GPS tracking.
• Prioritise wellbeing and encourage regular contact and access to mental health support.